部署一个Kubernetes集群 - 版本历史

2021年7月29日 (四) 14:02 Ikbot

2021-07-29T14:02:08Z

2021年7月29日 (四) 14:00 Ikbot

2021-07-29T14:00:20Z

2021年7月29日 (四) 13:59 Ikbot

2021-07-29T13:59:02Z

2021年7月29日 (四) 13:57 Ikbot

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Ikbot：建立内容为“:fr:Deployer un cluster…”的新页面

2021-07-29T13:55:51Z

建立内容为“:fr:Deployer un cluster…”的新页面

新页面

[[:fr:Deployer un cluster Kubernetes]][[fr:Deployer un cluster Kubernetes]]
 这篇文章是从由软件进行自动翻译。你可以[[:fr:Array|看到这篇文章的源代码]] 
[[:de:Bereitstellen eines Kubernetes-Clusters]][[de:Bereitstellen eines Kubernetes-Clusters]]
[[:nl:Een Kubernetes cluster implementeren]][[nl:Een Kubernetes cluster implementeren]]
[[:pt:Implantação de um aglomerado Kubernetes]][[pt:Implantação de um aglomerado Kubernetes]]
[[:es:Despliegue de un clúster Kubernetes]][[es:Despliegue de un clúster Kubernetes]]
[[:en:Deploying a Kubernetes cluster]][[en:Deploying a Kubernetes cluster]]
[[:it:Configurare un cluster Kubernetes]][[it:Configurare un cluster Kubernetes]]
[[:fr:Deployer un cluster Kubernetes]][[fr:Deployer un cluster Kubernetes]]

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==什么是Kubernetes？==

'''库伯内特斯'''是一个用于管理容器化工作负载和服务的开源平台。
它支持声明式的配置编写，但也支持自动化。''Kubernetes'' 是一个庞大且快速增长的生态系统。

这个过程将使你能够快速、轻松地部署一个三节点的集群 [https://www.ikoula.com/fr/cloud-public/oneclick Kubernetes (k8s)]这个过程将使你能够快速和容易地从部署在同一网络中的三个CentOS 7实例中部署一个三节点的集群，在前进区。

这三个实例中的一个将是我们的主节点，其他两个将是我们的工作节点。简单地说，主节点是我们从其API中管理Kubernetes集群（容器协调器）的节点，而工作节点是将运行pod或容器（在我们的例子中是Docker）的节点。

我们将假设你的3个CentOS 7实例已经部署完毕，并且你有SSH权限来执行下面的命令。

下面是我们的例子中的配置，它将在整个过程中作为例子使用。

节点主机："k8s-master" / 10.1.1.16 
第一个节点工作者："k8s-worker01" / 10.1.1.169 
第二个节点工作者："k8s-worker02" / 10.1.1.87 

==系统准备和Kubernetes安装教程 ==

以下操作必须以root身份（或必要的sudo权限）在所有实例（master和workers）上执行。

首先，在你的每个实例上填充/etc/hosts 文件，以便它们能够解析各自的主机名（通常在虚拟路由器是DNS解析器的高级区域网络中已经是这样了）。

在我们的例子中，这在我们的三个实例上给出了以下/etc/hosts 文件（用你的实例的名称和IP来调整它）。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost

10.1.1.16 k8s-master
10.1.1.169 k8s-worker01
10.1.1.87 k8s-worker02
</syntaxhighlight>

用以下三个命令启用网桥模块和为其制定的 iptables 规则。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
modprobe bridge
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
</syntaxhighlight>

添加YUM Docker仓库。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - \$basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/\$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg
EOF
</syntaxhighlight>

添加YUM Kubernetes资源库。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
</syntaxhighlight>

安装Docker :

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
yum install -y docker-ce
</syntaxhighlight>

然后安装必要的Kubernetes包。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
yum install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl
</syntaxhighlight>

编辑systemd kubelet的配置文件 (/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf) 配置文件，在 "[Service]"部分添加以下一行。

<pre>
Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"
</pre>

这样，:

<pre>
cat /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
# Note: This dropin only works with kubeadm and kubelet v1.11+
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
*Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"*
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use
# the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
</pre>

重新加载配置，启用，然后通过以下三个命令启动docker和kubelet服务。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable docker kubelet
systemctl start docker kubelet
</syntaxhighlight>

禁用系统交换（kubelet不支持交换内存，如果你不禁用它，在通过kubeadms初始化集群时，你会在飞行前检查中得到一个错误）。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
swapoff -a
</syntaxhighlight>

请记得在你的每个实例的/etc/fstab 文件中也注释/删除交换行，如：:

<pre>
#/dev/mapper/vg01-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
</pre>

==Kubernetes集群的初始化 ==

以下操作只能在节点主实例上执行

通过以下命令启动Kubernetes集群的初始化，注意用主实例的IP地址修改"--apiserver-advertise-address="参数的值。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=<ip de votre instance master> --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：请不要修改"--pod-network-cidr="参数中表示的网络ip "10.244.0.0/16"，因为这个参数允许我们表示我们将使用CNI Flannel插件来管理我们pod的网络部分。

下面是集群初始化成功后，这个命令的返回值应该是这样的。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=10.1.1.16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] using Kubernetes version: v1.12.2
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[preflight/images] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight/images] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight/images] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
[certificates] Generated ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver certificate and key.
[certificates] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.1.1.16]
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated etcd/ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated etcd/server certificate and key.
[certificates] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal localhost] and IPs [127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certificates] Generated etcd/peer certificate and key.
[certificates] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal localhost] and IPs [10.1.1.16 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certificates] Generated etcd/healthcheck-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver-etcd-client certificate and key.
[certificates] valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certificates] Generated sa key and public key.
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf"
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-apiserver to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-controller-manager to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-scheduler to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml"
[etcd] Wrote Static Pod manifest for a local etcd instance to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml"
[init] waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as Static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[init] this might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 32.502898 seconds
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.12" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal as master by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal as master by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal" as an annotation
[bootstraptoken] using token: e83pes.u3igpccj2metetu8
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

kubeadm join 10.1.1.16:6443 --token e83pes.u3igpccj2metetu8 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7ea9169bc5ac77b3a2ec37e5129006d9a895ce040e306f3093ce77e7422f7f1c
</syntaxhighlight>

我们执行所要求的操作，以最终完成我们集群的初始化。

我们在我们的用户（在我们的例子中是root）的目录下创建一个目录和配置文件。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
</syntaxhighlight>

我们为我们的集群部署了我们的pod Flannel网络。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：我们将保留由侧边初始化命令返回提供的最后一条命令（"kubeadm join..."），以便以后在我们的工作实例上运行，将它们加入我们的集群。

现在我们可以从主实例对我们的集群进行第一次检查。

输入命令 "kubectl get nodes "来检查当前在你的集群中存在的节点。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal Ready master 41m v1.12.2
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：目前只有你的主节点，这是正常的，因为我们还没有把其他节点添加到集群中。

输入命令 "kubectl get pods --all-namespaces "来检查当前存在于你的集群中的pods/containers。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-fwxj9 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-t86s9 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system etcd-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wcm7v 1/1 Running 0 84s
kube-system kube-proxy-h94bs 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 40m
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：这里只有与我们的主节点所需的Kubernetes组件（kube-apiserver、etcd、kube-scheduler等）对应的pod。

我们可以用以下命令检查这些组件的状态。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
</syntaxhighlight>

==将工作节点添加到集群中 ==

只在工作实例/节点上执行的行动

在你的每个工作实例上（不要在你的主实例上这样做），运行上面集群初始化末尾提供的 "kubeadm join ... "命令。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-worker01 ~]# kubeadm join 10.1.1.16:6443 --token e83pes.u3igpccj2metetu8 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7ea9169bc5ac77b3a2ec37e5129006d9a895ce040e306f3093ce77e7422f7f1c
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs_sh ip_vs ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs:{} ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{} ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{}]
you can solve this problem with following methods:
1. Run 'modprobe -- ' to load missing kernel modules;
2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support

[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://10.1.1.16:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.12" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-worker01.cs437cloud.internal" as an annotation

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
</syntaxhighlight>

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-worker02 ~]# kubeadm join 10.1.1.16:6443 --token e83pes.u3igpccj2metetu8 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7ea9169bc5ac77b3a2ec37e5129006d9a895ce040e306f3093ce77e7422f7f1c
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh ip_vs ip_vs_rr] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs:{} ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{} ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{}]
you can solve this problem with following methods:
1. Run 'modprobe -- ' to load missing kernel modules;
2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support

[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://10.1.1.16:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "10.1.1.16:6443"
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.12" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-worker02.cs437cloud.internal" as an annotation

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
</syntaxhighlight>

==检查集群的状态 ==

要从主实例/节点执行的行动

通过重新执行 "kubectl get nodes "命令，检查你的工作节点是否已经被添加到集群中。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal Ready master 46m v1.12.2
k8s-worker01.cs437cloud.internal Ready <none> 103s v1.12.2
k8s-worker02.cs437cloud.internal Ready <none> 48s v1.12.2
</syntaxhighlight>

备注：我们可以看到我们的两个工作节点（k8s-worker01和k8s-worker02），所以它们已经被添加到我们的集群中。

现在让我们再次运行 "kubectl get pods --all-namespaces "命令。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-fwxj9 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-t86s9 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system etcd-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-724nl 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wcm7v 1/1 Running 0 6m31s
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-z7mwg 1/1 Running 3 70s
kube-system kube-proxy-8r7wg 1/1 Running 0 2m6s
kube-system kube-proxy-h94bs 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system kube-proxy-m2f5r 1/1 Running 0 70s
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 46m
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：你可以看到，有多少个 "kube-flannel "和 "kube-proxy "荚/容器，就有多少个我们的集群中的节点。

==部署第一个吊舱 ==

我们将部署我们的第一个 [https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/ 豆荚]在我们的Kubernetes集群中。

为了简单起见，我们选择部署一个名为 "nginx "的豆荚（没有复制），并使用 "nginx "镜像。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
</syntaxhighlight>

如果我们检查一下，在列出我们集群的pods的命令的返回中，这个命令出现得很好。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default nginx-55bd7c9fd-5bghl 1/1 Running 0 104s
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-fwxj9 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-t86s9 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system etcd-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-724nl 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wcm7v 1/1 Running 0 17m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-z7mwg 1/1 Running 3 12m
kube-system kube-proxy-8r7wg 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-system kube-proxy-h94bs 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-proxy-m2f5r 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master.cs437cloud.internal 1/1 Running 0 57m
</syntaxhighlight>

它出现在列表的顶部，与 "kube-system "的命名空间不同，因为它不是Kubernetes运行的特定组件。

也可以通过不使用"--all-namespace "参数执行相同的命令来避免显示特定于kube-system命名空间的pods。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-55bd7c9fd-vs4fq 1/1 Running 0 3d2h
</syntaxhighlight>

要显示标签 :

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
nginx-55bd7c9fd-ckltn 1/1 Running 0 8m2s app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55bd7c9fd
</syntaxhighlight>

我们还可以用以下命令检查我们的部署。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx 1 1 1 1 93m
</syntaxhighlight>

所以，我们已经部署并启动了一个nginx pod，但还不能从外部访问。为了使它能够被外部访问，我们需要通过以下命令创建服务（NodePort类型）来公开我们的pod的端口。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create service nodeport nginx --tcp=80:80
service/nginx created
</syntaxhighlight>

我们的服务就这样产生了。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 147m
nginx NodePort 10.108.251.178 <none> 80:30566/TCP 20s
</syntaxhighlight>

注意：它通过端口80/tcp进行监听，并从外部通过端口30566/tcp进行访问/曝光。

我们可以通过以下命令获得我们的pod的flannel ip和它当前运行的节点的名称。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --selector="app=nginx" --output=wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
nginx-55bd7c9fd-vs4fq 1/1 Running 0 174m 10.244.2.2 k8s-worker02.cs437cloud.internal <none>
</syntaxhighlight>

这里我们的nginx pod的ip是10.244.2.2，运行在我们的节点k8s-worker02上。

你也可以简单地通过以下命令在我们的nginx pod上运行一个命令或打开一个shell（与docker命令非常相似）。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-55bd7c9fd-vs4fq -- /bin/bash
root@nginx-55bd7c9fd-vs4fq:/#
</syntaxhighlight>

你所要做的就是在你的Ikoula One Cloud网络上创建你的负载平衡规则，访问/公开你的网络服务器（nginx pod）。

- 连接到 [https://cloudstack.ikoula.com/client 云伊库拉一号]

- 进入左侧垂直菜单中的 "网络"。

- 点击你部署Kubernetes实例的网络，然后点击 "查看IP地址"，点击你的NAT源IP，然后进入 "配置 "标签。

- 点击 "负载平衡 "并创建你的规则，指定一个名称，公共端口 "80 "在我们的例子中，私人端口 "30566 "在我们的例子中（见上文），通过选择一个LB算法（例如轮流），如.NET。

[[File:faq_k8s_regle_lb-01.png|Kubernetes实例]]

- 勾选你所有的工作者实例。

[[File:faq_k8s_regle_lb-02.png|检查你的kubernetes工作者实例]]

测试从浏览器访问你的Web服务器/nginx pod（通过你创建LB规则的网络公共IP）。

[[File:faq_k8s_browser_nginx.png|访问你的网络服务器]]

事实上，你的nginx pod可以从你的任何一个节点访问，这是由 "kube-proxy "组件实现的，它负责将连接指向它所运行的节点（在复制的情况下）。

因此，你刚刚部署了一个由3个节点组成的基本Kubernetes集群，其中有一个主节点和两个工作者。

==更进一步 ==

你可以通过部署Kubernetes仪表板或为你的pod创建持久化卷，通过增加你的工作节点的数量，甚至通过冗余分配主控角色以实现高可用性，或通过将节点专用于某些组件，例如Etcd，来进一步。

这里有一些有用的链接。

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/docker-cli-to-kubectl/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-persistent-volume-storage/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/communicate-containers-same-pod-shared-volume/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume/

[[Category:云堆]]
[[Category:公共云]]
[[Category:私有云]]
[[Category:码头]]
[[Category:CoreOS]]
[[Category:云]]

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